Heat-transfer apparatus



Nov 25,1924. 151E893 C. 5. SAGE HEAT TRANSFER APPARATUS Filed Feb. 26 1921 2. Sheets-Sheet 1 mm MW.

C. 5. SAGE HEAT TRANSFER APPARATUS Nov. 25, 1924- 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 26 192] WWW J! UVME/VTOR Patented Ne'wz s, i924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES S. SAGE, OF ROME, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T SAGE RADIATOR 00., INC.. 01

- SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS.

Application filled February 26, 1921.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES S. SAGE, a

citizen of the United States, residing at air heaters and'coolers for automotive or stationary power plants.

The conventional cooler or radiator as used in automotive apparatus consists of a tank which receives the hot water from the engine, a second tank to receive the water after beingcooled by the radiator and prior to the return of the water to the engine, an

air-exposed conduit, hereafter called core,-

through which the water passes on its way from the first tank to the second tank, and. devices, generally termed fins, connected to the water-carrying members of the core in 80 order to increase the hot surface e osed tothe cool air. The air-exposed conduit is generally of a multiple character.

Assume such a radiator or cooler arranged vertically and the cooling air passing I through its core in a horizontal direction.

It is at once clear that the more air which gasses through the core the more heat will abstracted from the water, and that the amount of air passing through the core dur- 0 ing a certain time interval will depend on the resistance which the core ofiers to the flow of the air.

It is also evident that the amount of heat which can be transferred to the air during its passage through the core will depend on the size of the hot surface along which the air flows This hot surface is represented mostly by the'fins and consequently it follows that the core which presents the greatest possible fin surface to the cooling air and at the same time ofiers the least resistance to the flow of the air, will be the most S .-ia1 No. 448,051.

efiicient and at the same time the cheapest. My invention is intended to effect this combination of desirable qualities in a core and accomplishes this end by using for the shape of the fins a combination of surfaces angularly disposed to each other and asymmetrically arranged in respect to the individual water-carrying member of the core/ to which they are attached.

My invention will be readily understood from the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a radiator exemplifying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal cross section through the core along the line C G in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is a perspectiveview of a core unit with fins assembled.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of an individual fin. Fig. 6 is a cross section of the same along the line D D in Fi 5. Fig. 7 is a side view of the individual fin. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a core unit with a plurality of water conduits.

.In the drawings 1 indicates the tank which receives the hot water from the engine,

2 the hot water inlet to this tank,

3 the individual water-carrying member of the core,

4 the tank from'which the cold water flows back to the engine,

5 the cold water outlet from this tank,

' 6 the fins,

7 the capped aperture in top of tank 1 for filling the radiator,

8 the bent-over'edge of fin 6,

9 the aperture for the water-carrying member in fin 6.

Arrows A indicate the direction of the fiow of the air, 06

Arrows B indicate the direction of the flow of the water. In Fig. 1 the front of aconventional radiator is shown in which the water coming from the engine enters the top tank 1 1 9 through the connection 2', flows down through the tubes 3 into the bottom tank 4 and returns to the engine again through the connect on 5. The tubular extension 7 on top of tank for filling the radiator and is provided .-with a suitable TVhile the water flows through the tubes 3 air passes through this nest of'tubes in a direction substantially perpendicular to the flow of the water as indicated by the arrows A, and abstracts heat from the outer surface of the tubes 3 and from the surfaces of the fins 6 which are in metallic contact with the tubes 3. 1 v

The design of these fins is shown in Fig. 4 in which the fins are assembled with the tube 3, and in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 in which the individual fin is shown in plan, section and side elevation respectively.

As shown in Fig. 5 the fin is a piece of thin heat-conducting material, preferably sheet metal, which is perforated at 9 to receive the water-carrying tube 3 and which has one of its edges 8 which parallels the area is depressed as shown clearly in Fig. 6.

The fins- 6 are finally assembled on the tubes 3 in such a manner that the edges 8 of the fins are parallel to each other as shown in Fig. l." The assembled-fins and tube present therefore an asymmetrical appearance when looked at in the direction of the air flow.

In order to establish a heat-conducting connection between tube and fins the latter ma either be pressed, soldered, brazed or we ded to the tube.

Instead of containing only one tube the fins may be'perforated for a plurality of tubes but it is immaterial to the principle tubes as shown in Fig. 8 or the tubes may be grouped according to any desired combination.

'The water-carrying members are shown on the drawings in: the shape of circular of my invention whether they are round, flat, oval or of any other cross section.

f It is clear that a radiator core composed of tubes with fins as described above has a far lar er radiating surface than a core the tubes 0 which are equipped with fins whose whole surface lies substantially in one plane only, and the resistance to the flow of the air is-not materiallyincreased by the addition of the asymmetrical surfaces. It will also be observed that the fin material is nowhere doubled up upon itself and consequently the material is used to its maximum capacity for the purpose intended.

While I have shown in the particular construction described above the core units to be assembled between and connected to two tanks, 1 desire the term tank to be 1111- destood onlyjin the sense of a connecting conduit, and while I have shown the core units in a vertical position'it is to be understood thatsuch disposition is not es- 1 sential to the principle of my invention.

Iclaim: 1. In a radiator, the combmation of a cylindrical tube and a series of fins extending entirely around the tube in heat-conducting contact therewith and provided with flanges at one side of'the tube offset 1n the same direction, the portions of the fins at the opposite sides of the tube being in open spaced relation.

2. In 1a radiator, the combmatlon of a plurality of parallel tubes, a series of fins in heat-conducting contact with said tubes and having body portions thereof disposed in parallel planes at right angles to and other one side of the tube flat and its opposite edge disposed at substantially to the fiat portion. 4. In a radiator, the combination of a tube, a-plurality of similar heat-conducting fins having substantially flat body portions assembled on the tube in equally spaced relation lengthwise thereof and their edges at one side of the tube deflected in the same direction across the spaces between the body portions, the remaining edges of each fin being disposed in the plane of its body portion.

5. In a radiator, a combination of a row of. tubes arranged side by side in parallel spaced relation, and a-series of similar angle plates of heat-conducting material having corresponding sides of the angle assembled in uniformly. spaced relation upon the several tubes and the sides of the other angle right angles located at one and the same side of the,

tube, the remaining sides of the plat'es being disposed in open spaced relation.

' 6. In a' radiator, the combination of a plurality of separate radiator sections arranged side by side, each section comprising an upright tube and a vertical column of heat-conducting angle plates assembled in uniformly spaced relation one above the other upon the tube and the adjacent edges of the plates of the several sections unattached to each other and lower and upper headers connecting the corresponding ends of the tubes of the several sections.

1 7. In a radiator, the combination of a tube and a plurality of fins assembled in uniform- 1y spaced relation lengthwise of and upon edges at one side only of the fins being flanged across the spaces.

a 8. In a radiator, the combination of a conducting tube for a heating agent anda.

plurallty of heat-conducting fins' assembled series of parallel tubes eachhaving a multiplicity" of similar fins assembled thereon in uniformly spaced relation lengthwise thereof, and, opposite headers connecting corresponding ends of the tubes, the fins of each tube-being supported entirely by thattube independent-1v ofeach other toper mit either tub-e with-its fins thereon to be re- :0 moved from or replacedupon'theheaders Without disturbing any of theother' tubes and their corresponding fins, the edges of the fins at one side only of the tube belng o'fl'set across the spaces.

10. In a heattransfer apparatus, a hollow heat receiving element, and a seriesof'heatdissipating plates of uniform size and shape flanged along one edge and having their opposite edges plain, the flanges being uniform distances from the heat receiving element in detached. relation, said plates contactingwith said element in spaced relation approximately equal ,to the width of the flanges.

11'. A heat-dissipating fin for heat transfer-apparatus consisting of a thin sheet metal angle plate having one edge offset at an angle to the main body and its remaining edges inthe plane ofthe main body.

- CHARLES S. SAGE. 

